Ken Cowan, Mott MacDonald business development manager for transport technology solutions
If we put together taxi, Uber style e-hailing, public transport, bike hire, car hire and sharing, could we have freedom of mobility without car ownership?
The idea behind mobility as a service (MaaS) is to replace private car ownership with a service-based model where users pay one provider for all their mobility needs, either by monthly subscription or pay-as-you-go. It also blurs the boundaries between public transport and private ownership.
To compete against vehicle ownership, you need to deliver something better – a service that will enable users to get to work, the shops, the theatre, the weekend cottage, or to drop off the kids, in a way that is at least as effective and easy, and less expensive, than a private car.
The idea stacks up economically. Private cars on average are used only 5% of the time. Across Europe, people spend €300 a month on transportation, of which 80% or €240 goes on running a car. The cost of car use could reduce significantly if they were better utilised through sharing.
But attractive economics alone are not enough. To get people out of their cars you need to deliver something better.
A Finn with a background in civil engineering and transport planning, Sampo Hietanen was, until recently, chief executive of ITS Finland, the trade association for Finland’s intelligent transport sector. In this capacity he established an international reputation as the leading advocate for MaaS and he recently packed in the day job to set up MaaS Global, one of the world’s first mobility as a service providers.
Using MaaS Global’s Whim app, the West Midlands metropolitan area is the first region in the UK to pilot mobility as service. The year-long trial, with up to 500 users, follows the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding by the West Midlands Combined Authority, transport service providers National Express and SilverRail, Birmingham City Council and MaaS Global. Other transport companies will be able to join the service in the future.
A profound change in attitude
MaaS is coming from a younger generation, who don’t see car ownership as an aspiration. They stay in education longer, leave home later and rely on the gig economy which means regular income is less secure. The rise of the sharing economy is changing attitudes to ownership; they don’t tend to buy albums and instead stream Spotify. That mindset spills over into attitudes towards cars. In terms of improving their access to mobility, the younger generation value their phones more than a set of car keys. It’s a quite profound change in attitude.
All about occupancy
Recent analysis published by José Viegas, secretary-general of the International Transport Forum, suggests that if self-driving cars were to become the norm, at today’s occupancy rate of around 1.2 to 1.5 passengers, then congestion and emissions will go up, not down, because more miles will be driven. But if occupancy rates doubled to 2.4 passengers, the same level of mobility could be delivered with just 10% of today’s vehicles.
Viegas explores what autonomous driving means for the future of public transport. Today’s public transport model, in which the operators decide where customers may take a bus and when, could become obsolete. But self-driving technology in conjunction with smart demand management gives public transport the power to break free of defined routes and stops. Autonomous on-demand minibuses running on broad corridors could provide the right level of service and achieve occupancy rates needed to deliver the wider benefits to society.